Coronavirus Mutation

RNA viruses, such as Coronavirus , are frequently mutated to easily infect and survive the host. RNA consisting of a single thread is more likely to mutate than double-stranded DNA. It is estimated that there are 26 mutations that a corona19 virus acquires in one year as it multiplies. On the other hand, when the same criteria were applied, an average of 46 mutations occurred in the influenza virus. Coronavirus also has many mutations, but more flu viruses. Why does the virus mutate like this? It is a world of survival. Among the variations are 'similar variation' and 'non-similar variation'. 'Similar mutation' is also called 'silent mutation' because the biological properties of the virus are maintained. On the other hand, 'unlike variation' is completely different to adapt to different environments by changing the biological properties of the virus. 'Non-similar mutations' are all the three-step chain action of base mutation → protein mutation → functional change. Researchers at Beijing University in China divided S-type and L-type based on amino acid mutations in the ORF8 region of corona19 (COVID-19) as of March 12th. It is reported that more L-types have been spread around the world than the original S-type, and on the basis of this, it was estimated that the mutant L-type was more aggressive and highly infectious. However, according to researchers from the University of Cambridge, the Corona 19 is divided into A, B, and C types. A was mainly found in the United States and Australia, B in Asia, and C in Europe.How can we track this variation in Covid-19 worldwide? In the Global Initiative for Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID), sequencing data from covid-19 patients around the world, including sequencing information from influenza viruses, is uploaded in real time. Scientists around the world actively share the sequencing information of Covid-19, which has been decrypted by countries, and are monitoring the emergence of the strain. Covid-19 data grew rapidly, and as of May 20, 3,25 were registered (provided by Teragene Bio's Tae-Hyung Kim). The Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United States is famous for having developed the world's first nuclear bomb under the Manhattan Project. It is a national research institute under the U.S. Department of Energy, located in New Mexico, which conducts extensive research on national security, space exploration, renewable energy, medicine, nanotechnology, and supercomputers. The medicine part is probably a small part of the lab, but the Los Alamos Department of Theoretical Biology's HIV database team changed what they had to do with a supercomputer to monitor the “GISAID site” after the Corona 19 outbreak. On the 29th of last month, the preprint of the paper was uploaded to the bioRxiv, a repository of international biological journals.

The medicine part is probably a small part of the lab, but the Los Alamos Department of Theoretical Biology's HIV database team changed what they had to do with a supercomputer to monitor the “GISAID site” after the Corona 19 outbreak. On the 29th of last month, the preprint of the paper was uploaded to the bioRxiv, a repository of international biological journals. In the paper titled 'Spike mutation pipeline reveals the emergence of a more transmissible form of SARS-CoV-2', the highly infectious strain Corona19 virus has been spreading in Europe since the beginning of February, and in the end of March, It has been reported to be the most dominant virus in the world, including Canada. In particular, in the case of the UK, where Corona 19 spread late, almost all of them are 'Spike D614G' mutations.The Los Alamos team first developed a program that tracks SARS-CoV-2 mutations in real time. The team began the joint study to help with vaccine programs developed by scientists at Duke University in the United States and Sheffield University in the United Kingdom. Among them, I focused on Spike (S) -protein. In most vaccine or therapeutic development, the S-protein, which is the first to penetrate human cells, is the most important target. This is because if there are many mutations there, there is a high likelihood that a vaccine or a therapeutic agent being developed may become useless because a “unlike mutation” in which the protein changes to its properties appears. By the time the paper was written, the team found 14 variations that accumulated. The mutation had a geophysical tree over time. Thinking of a tree as a kind of ‘family tree’ is easy to understand. The team looked at each variation as evidence based on the structure of positive selection.World of Survival: Covid-19's mutation is suspicious

The paper noted that the 'D614G' mutation is an urgent concern. This mutation provides a site that can be broken by another serine protease (Elastase) at the S1-S2 junction of the S-protein. As already indicated on the March 13 column, SARS-CoV does not have a self-harmful amino acid site that can act as an enzyme called Purin, which cuts proteins, but is present in the S-protein of SARS-CoV-2. In addition to the purine site, there is one more self-harm of the virus, which quickly cuts and infiltrates and regenerates human cells. This variation began in Europe and spread to new regions, quickly becoming a dominant form. Moreover, due to the high infectivity and lack of existing immunity, there is a high possibility that it will not easily deteriorate even in an environment where the temperature rises and the humidity increases. For viruses, the 'Reproduction Number (R0)', which refers to the average number of people who can infect directly during the period of infection, and the mortality rate during infection are important. Europe is carefully examining whether the 'D614G' is responsible for the relatively high infectious and mortality rates compared to Asia. Why is this mutation suspicious? The 'unlike mutation', such as 'D614G', which also changes the biological properties of the virus, suggests that the evolution of corona19 may occur in human-to-human transmission. First of all, there are warnings that ~ 100 vaccines are currently in development around the world, but if the spread does not calm down this summer, these mutations may be more likely, which could potentially make it difficult to expect vaccines to work. This is because most vaccine developers are developing vaccines based on the viral gene sequence at the beginning of the outbreak. It is necessary to closely monitor the process of mutation, evolution, and adaptation of these viruses, as antigenic drift and accumulation of immunologically related mutations may occur during the period before the first vaccine is delivered. Researchers warn that missing the important evolutionary mutations in these viruses could limit the effectiveness of therapeutics or vaccines. The gene sequence analyzed in the sample also goes on GISAID. Until April 9, 73 gene sequences of domestic patients were analyzed. Fortunately, no meaningful ‘analogous mutations’ such as ‘D614G’ have been found that affect the transmission and pathogenicity of the virus. Couldn't the Korean confirmatory who recently came from the United States or Europe have a ‘D614G’ variation? I am very curious. However, it is not over until the end. No matter how slow it is going back to everyday life, Covid-19 has yet to develop a vaccine or cure. Even when the weather changes to summer, it keeps infectious, and most people don't have antibodies. The only way to prevent re-entrance until the end of Corona 19 is through the regularization of social distances and the active prevention and hygiene of individuals. Corona 19 is also likely to settle for endemic diseases like MERS, colds and flu in the Middle East. Effective eradication vaccines must first be commercialized to eradicate 'naturally occurring'. In addition, natural and intermediate hosts, such as bats and pangolins, must be eradicated and sold for sale in certain regions and markets. The world needs to pay high attention to a strong ban. Otherwise, another new coronavirus would appear through the host in a faster time than Corona19, putting the whole world back into deep pain.